Why is MAT gaining such importance in prisons?
In recent years, Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) has gained significant traction as an essential component of addiction recovery in various settings, including prisons. For many individuals struggling with substance use disorders (SUDs), incarceration is often a part of their story. Yet, despite the prevalence of addiction within the prison system, jail-based MAT treatment has been limited in many states—until now.
Prisons across the U.S. are beginning to recognize the critical role that MAT can play in helping individuals overcome dependence while incarcerated. This shift marks a crucial moment in criminal justice and public health. States like New Mexico are leading the charge by implementing MAT programs in their prison systems, acknowledging the life-saving benefits these treatments can offer, not only to inmates but to society at large.
But why is MAT gaining such importance in prisons? In this blog by MAT Care Clinics, we will explore how it works, its benefits, the states leading the way, and what this could mean for the future of substance use treatment in correctional facilities.
Why Is Jailed-Based MAT Treatment Important in Prisons?
Substance use disorders are prevalent among incarcerated populations. The National Institute On Drug Abuse indicates that nearly 65% of individuals in U.S. prisons meet the criteria for a substance use disorder. Despite this, many jails have traditionally failed to offer effective treatment, leaving inmates vulnerable to overdose and relapse upon release.
Here’s why offering MAT in prisons is so crucial:
Reducing Overdose Risk: Many individuals, when released from prison after detoxing or enduring forced abstinence, face a heightened risk of overdose. Without access to MAT, their tolerance for opioids or other substances drops, and if they relapse, the same number of drugs they used before could now be fatal. MAT helps mitigate this risk by keeping cravings and withdrawal symptoms under control.
A study from the American Public Health Association found that in the first two weeks after release, former inmates are 40 times more likely to die from an overdose. When looking specifically at heroin overdoses, their risk jumps even higher—to 74 times more than average.
Supporting Long-Term Recovery: Incarceration offers a unique window of opportunity for treatment, where individuals are in a controlled environment. MAT provides stability during this time, helping individuals prepare for reintegration into society with a healthier mindset and physical condition.
Reducing Recidivism: There’s a growing body of evidence suggesting that individuals who receive MAT while in prison are less likely to return to substance use upon release. The study Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in State Prisons looked at the experiences of individuals with opioid use disorder who were released from New Jersey state prisons and used medication for opioid dependence while incarcerated and after release.
Many participants chose to use MOUD because they believed it was effective in preventing drug use and overdose. After release, most people successfully transitioned to community-based care.
Human Dignity and Rehabilitation: Beyond the medical and societal benefits, offering MAT in prisons is a matter of basic human dignity. It gives individuals a fighting chance to overcome their dependence and regain control of their lives.
Challenges and Opposition to Mat Treatment in Prisons
Despite the clear benefits, not all states are on board with providing MAT in correctional facilities. Some cite concerns about diversion (the misuse or selling of medications), the cost of implementing programs, or a belief that abstinence-based approaches are more effective.
However, with new protocols and evolving perspectives, these concerns are being addressed. States that have implemented MAT programs are finding that with proper oversight, diversion is minimal, and the cost of treatment far outweighs the long-term savings associated with reduced recidivism and healthcare costs post-release
States Embracing MAT in Prisons
While New Mexico is one of the most recent states to pass legislation requiring the availability of MAT in prisons, they aren’t the first. Rhode Island, for example, has been a trailblazer in this area as the first state prison system to implement a comprehensive program to screen all individuals for opioid use disorder. Their comprehensive MAT program has demonstrated promising results, including a 61% reduction in post-incarceration overdose deaths within the first year.
In states like New Mexico, a new state law has been put in place that mandates a gradual rollout of MAT services. This process includes consulting with addiction treatment providers and prison administrators to ensure that the programs are both safe and effective. By the end of 2025, New Mexico prisons will required to offer MAT to those entering with a prescription, and within another year, they must have the capacity to start new patients on treatment.
According to the 2023 report A Review of Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) in United States Jails and Prisons, these are the states that currently offer MAT programs in their correctional institutions or are piloting programs:
States Offering MAT in Correctional Institutions But Limited:
- Alabama
- Mississippi
- Nebraska
- South Dakota
- Wyoming
States Offering Comprehensive MAT Services at Intake and Release in Multiple Jails and Prisons:
- Alaska
- Arizona
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Kentucky (referred to as SAMAT)
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- Minnesota
- Missouri
- New Hampshire
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
States Piloting or Testing MAT Programs in at Least One Correctional Facility:
- Arkansas (three community corrections centers)
- Connecticut
- Hawaii
- Nevada
- North Carolina
- Oregon
- South Carolina
- Vermont
It is important to note that the availability and implementation of MAT programs can vary significantly depending on the institution and governmental or legal decisions. Some facilities are currently offering jail-based MAT treatment, while others do not, and some are still in pilot phases.
A Path Toward Recovery with MAT CARE Clinics
The implementation of Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) in prisons represents a pivotal step toward addressing the addiction crisis in the U.S. By recognizing addiction as a medical issue, states can help individuals regain control over their lives and reduce the chances of relapse and recidivism. MAT not only improves the chances of successful reintegration into society but also plays a crucial role in saving lives. As more states begin to adopt these programs, we move closer to a comprehensive approach to addiction treatment that prioritizes recovery and well-being for all individuals, regardless of their circumstances.
At MAT Care Clinics, we’re dedicated to helping individuals on their journey to recovery, no matter what stage they are in. Whether you’re beginning treatment or seeking ongoing support, our services provide evidence-based care using various FDA-approved medications to treat opioid and alcohol use.
We understand the unique challenges each person faces and tailor our approach to meet their specific needs. If you or a loved one is seeking MAT services, reach out to us today at (833) 622-0628 or schedule a free consultation here to learn how we can help.
